Key-operated lock



F. HORAK.

KEY OPERATED LOCK. APPLICATION man FEB. 14, 1920.

1,403,472'. Patented Jan. 10, 1922,

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2f UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK HORAK, OF VALPARAISO, INDIANA, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF T0 MAX HIRSCH, OF VALPARAISO, INDIANA.

KEY-OPERATED LOCK.

Speccaton of Letters Patent.

Patented J an. 10, 192.2.

Application led February 14, 1920. Serial No. 358,688.

"flo all whom. t may concern:

Be it known that I, F RANK Homin, a citizen of the United States, residing at Valparaiso, in the county of Porter and State of Indiana, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Key-Operated Locks, of which the following is a specilication.

My invention relates to improvements in combination key operated locks and it more especially appertains to the special features pointed out in the annexed claims.

lThe purpose of my invention is to provide a combination lock, that is simple in operation, that requires a set sequence of operations while being manipulated by means of a key; that is .not complex or diiiicult to manufacture; that affords an eXtra factor of safety kagainst being picked over ordinary key locks; that through a series of oscillatory movements simulates well known types of permutation locks which have a set group of related disks to control their locking and unlocking features.

lilith these and other ends in view I illustrate in the accompanying drawing such instances of adaptation as will disclose the broad underlying features of my invention without, however, limiting myself to the specific details shown.

Fig. 1- is a side elevation partly in section of a lock with the key withdrawn.

Fig. 2- is an end elevatiomin section of Fig. l on the line X-X.

Fig. 5%- is an enlarged end view in section of the lock barrel. key carrier and the key in its first position'ready to be rocked on its axis.

Fig. Llis a similar View to Fig. l showing only the key carrier in its relation to the control pins when at the end of its first oscillation to the right.

Fig. 5- is a view similar to Fig. 4, the section however being through the pin which preventsthe withdrawal of the key except at the very inception of the key movement or at the end of such movement. The key is shown in the former position.

Fig. v6- is a view similar to Fig. 5 with the key turned approximate 90 to its second position ready to be moved toward the locking bolt.

Fig. 7-is an end-view partly in section of the locking bolt.

the casing.

Fig. 8 is an enlarged side elevation in section with the parts in unlocked relation and the key ready to be withdrawn.

Fig. 9- is a diagrammatic relation of the longitudinal relation of the key and bolt as shown in Fig. 8 but detached from the lock barrel and the key and bolt turned about 90o to the right as shown in the miniature diagram at the left.

Fig. 10- is a View similar to Fig. 9 with the key in its first engagement with the bolt.

Fig. 11- is a view of the parts as shown in Fig. 10 but turned about 90o to the right to release the bolt.

Fig. 12- is a view similar to Fig. 11 showing the bolt partially in its locking position.

Fig. 13,- is a view similar to Fig. 12 with the bolt interlocked with the key carrier.

Fig. 14tis a perspective view of the enlarged part of the bolt.

vIn 4practically carrying outV the features of my invention l may use any kind of a lock casing7 inany desired relation to a locking shackle, whetherV destined for one purpose or another. rlhe relation of these parts instanced 1n Figs. 1 and 2 1s only an exemplification of exceedingly numerous adaptations.

The lock casing 1 instanced in Figs. 1v

and 2 is provided with a curved shackle? or similar locking element 2 which is pivoted at 3 in a slotfl of the extension 5. The free end of the shackle has an eye 6 through which the locking bolt 7 passes, as the shackle 2 Vpasses into the slot 2O formed in rThe lock in the main,` comprises a barrel 8 that is slotted 53 about midway of its length to correspond with the slot 2O of the casing. This slot does not extend entirely through the barrel but a portion 52 is left to join the two ends so as to not complicate the assembling of these parts, which might be the case if they did not remain connected.

In the bolt end of the barrel 8 within the lengthwise hole 11 the enlarged end 10 of bolt 7 slides endwise between the shoulder 37 and the cap 16 as it is pressed toward the slots 20 and 53 by a coil spring 15 that has movement within the recessed interior 14 of the part 10. The small or locking end 7 of the bolt passes through an opening9 that leads from the bore 11 to the slot 53.

The front end of the bolt 7 has a slot 12 formed therein into which the entering end of the key 42 projects during the manipulation oil the bolt. This slot does not extend through the full diameter of the bolt but it is closed at one side, from which a toe 13 projects into the bottom key slot 38 when the locking operation is completed so as to prevent the carrier 27 turning on its axis until the key 42 is fully inserted into the ke carrier 27.

l`he bolt part 10 is provided with interconnected control grooves 22 to 26 inclusive shown more clearly in Fig. 14. A main lengthwise groove 22 and two short parallel grooves or notches 25 and 26 are connected near the bolt end of 10 by a groove 23 perpendicular to both and the notch 26 is also connected to the groove 22 at its spring end by a similar groove 24. The notches 25 and 2G both project toward the spring 15 from grooves 23 and 24. A control piu 21 projects into these grooves from the barrel 8, as shown in Figs. 7 to 11 inclusive. Another lengthwise shallow groove 17 is formed in the surface of the part 10, into which a pin 18 projects. This groove has two branches connected therewith at right angles to correspond to the two end positions of the part 10 so that the pin 18 will not interfere with the rocking of the bolt 7 whenever the key is inserted in the slot 12. The purpose of this groove 17 and its branches is to facilitate the assembling of the bolt 7-10 in proper relation to the key carrier 27. The latter has a groove 28 into which a pin 29 projects. A branch from this extends around the carrier for about 90 or to whatever extent the key is rocked so as to not have the pin 29 prevent the turning of the key 42. The grooves 17 and 28 with their branches as well as the holes for pins 18 and 29, in practice are formed by means of jigs, etc. which of course insures the proper angular relation of the control grooves 32 and 33 of the carrier 27 to the grooves 22 to 26 inclusive of the bolt, and the position of these to the slot 12, toe 13 and key slot 38. 0f course the mere omission oi these assembling expedients would not constitute a departure from my invention which in its broadest sense is quite independent of these or related details.

The barrel 8-34 is held against removal in the casing in any suitable manner. Pins 19 may be used and a limit shoulder 41 formed at one end serves to limit the endwise position of the barrel in the casing. The part 34 ot' the barrel has a bore 50 which terminates in a shoulder 36 near the slot 53. A hole 35 leads from the bore 50 into the slot 53. This hole serves to support the front end of the bolt 7 so as to'assist in withstanding any strain that may be put on the bolt 7 by the hasp 2. The key carrier 27 is kept in its endwise positionby the control pins 30 and 31 which project into the arcuate grooves 32 and 33. These pins serve a double purpose. The flattened ends 51 of the pins 30 besides projecting into the grooves 33 also cooperate with the key notches 48 and 49. And the pin 31 which projects into groove 32 also cooperates with the long key notch 47 to prevent the removal of the key from the carrier until it is entirely free or the locking operation is completed.

The key 42 may be of any desired type as almost unlimited changes in its cross section may be made without departing from the spirit of my invention. As instanced it may have a lengthwise centering groove 43 with notch carrying webs 45 on each side ol' the rib or enlarged part 44. The notches 48 and 49 are modified in practice, to varying distances and they are placed apart to correspond to similar changes in the location of pins 30, and they may also project into grooves of varying depth 33 as to have practically an endless combination of different keys without duplication. A further possibility of variation is to make the extent of angular movement through which the key is turned variable in different locks, though this expedient would not produce the non duplicating range of changes which the distancing of the pins and slots, in depth and from each other brings about. A notch 46 at the front end of the key Vserves to clear the toe 13 of bolt 7.

The key carrier'27 has a lengthwise slot 38, which in cross section approximates the shape ott the key. It has a central guiding rib 39 and a groove 40, the former accommodating the key groove 43 and the latter the key rib 44.

The successive steps, required to lock the lock 'are as follows: In Fig. 8 the bolt is in j its unlocked position and the key is in its first or inserting position, shown on edge. After the key is inserted its front end passes through openings-35 and 6 and enters slot or notch 12 of the bolt 7. A slight endwise movement pushes the bolt against the tension of spring 15 so that the pin 21 leaves notch '25 and enters the slot 23. At the same moment key notches 49 register with pins 30 so that the key can be turned to the right about 90O more or less until the pins 30 reach the ends of slots 33 cut intothe surface of the key carrier 27 When this point is reached the pin V21 will be in groove 22 and the bolt under the pressure of spring 15 will follow the key as it is drawn back in the key carrier until the end of long notch 47 engages pin 31 prevent- Ving the removal of the key. The bolt 7 passesV through' the holes 9 and 6 and just enters hole 35, limited by the length of slot 22. The key is now turned back or to the left about 90o into its lirst position. As soon as it is withdrawn, pin 21 passes into the notch 26 and the toe 13 enters the lower key slot 38, to prevent the turning of the carrier, but more especially to require a irst delicate forward movement of the key before it can be turned whenever the lock is to be opened. The unlocking steps are simply the reverse of the one enumerated but may be listed as follows.

To unlock the key is inserted as far as it will go into the slot 12 and a slight distance in addition to remove the pin 21 from the notch 26 and the toe 13 from the key groove 38, then a 90o rock of the key to the right will place the pin 21 into groove 22 permitting the groove to slide over the pin as the key is pushed still further, until the pin 21 engages groove 23, when another reverse rock of 90 causes the pin 21 to slide in groove 23 until notch 25 is reached. This notch is entered as the spring 15 presses the bolt the moment the key is withdrawn as far as the pin 31 in notch 47 will admit. The key can then be turned back 90O to the left into its first position and withdrawn from the key carrier..

It is quite immaterial whether the rocking movements of the key are on the left side of a vertical center line or on the right hand side. The only change required is a reversal of the grooves 23 and 24; in relation to the grooves 32 and 33 of the key carrier. The various rocking and endwise movements of the key make it difficult for a person unfamiliar with them to manipulate the lock, even though having the required key. The pin 31 coacting with the notch 47, as stated prevents the withdrawal of the key until the locking operation is completed. Vithout this provision a wire could be pushed through the key slot 38 and the bolt 7 pressed back far enough to unlock the hasp 2.

It will be seen that novel features are embodied in this invention which are not found in key operated locks as found in practical use heretofore.

That I claim is- 1. In combination key operated locks, a suitable casing, an oscillating and endwise movable bolt, an oscillating key carrier, a key-way through the carrier, an open-eyed movable retaining member supported by the casing placed between the bolt and the key carrier adapted to receive the bolt through the eye to lock the retaining member against movement, and means coacting with the bolt,

the key and key carrier coordinately to 0perate the bolt by successive intermittent related steps.

2. In combination key operated locks, a suitable casing, a retaining member supported thereby, an oscillating and reciproeating bolt in the casing on one side of the retaining member, an oscillating key carrier spaced apart, in cooperative relation to the bolt on the other side of the retaining member, a key slidable in the carrier, the same being adapted to selectively determine the successive steps for actuating the bolt, through independent oscillatory movements of the key and carrier.

3. In combination key operated locks, a casing, a barrel therein, a rocking and endwise movable bolt therein, a rocking key carrier adjacent the bolt, a shackle between the bolt and carrier, a key for the carrier, and means for controlling the position oi' the bolt through combined rocking and endwise movements of the key.

4f. In locks, a casing, an oscillating and reciprocating bolt, a spring for moving the bolt endwise, a key carrier spaced apart from the bolt, a retaining member between the bolt and carrier, a key for the carrier, means within the carrier for limiting the movement of the key in a rocking, and endwise direction, and coordinated means adapted to control the movement of the bolt to pass into and out of its locking position with respect to the carrier.

5. In locks, a cylindrical casing, a bolt member and a key carrier within the casing, a slot in the casing, a movable shackle within the slot, a slidable and rocking key in the carrier and means adapted to control the movement of the bolt through the cooperation of the key and the carrier, in reverse oscillatory movement of the key and carrier and reversible endwise movements of the key and the bolt.

6. In locks, a casing, an oscillating and reciprocating spring pressed bolt, a retaining member between the bolt and carrier, a key carrier coacting with the bolt, a key for the carrier, and means 'or coordinating the reversing movements of the bolt with reversed rocking movements of the carrier, and both of these with reversed endwise and reversed rocking movements of the key.

In testimony whereof I ailiX my signature.

FRANK HORAK. 

